Module 2: The fundamentals of the energy systems

Effects of exercise on the body systems

1. Energy systems
   1. ATP-PC system
   2. Lactic acid system
   3. Aerobic system
2. Energy systems activity
3. Interaction of the energy systems
4. Energy requirements of physical activity
5. Energy Systems Investigation
6. Energy systems in sport activity

Energy systems

For our bodies to function, even at rest, we need energy. This energy is derived from the food we eat, which is used to make ATP (Adenosine Tri-phosphate).

[D]

ATP is the body's energy currency. It consists of one adenosine molecule attached to three phosphate molecules. Energy is released when the bond between the 2^nd and 3^rd phosphate is broken, leaving ADP (Adenosine di-phosphate) and a free phosphate:

[D]

ATP molecule

[D]

The breakdown of ATP into ADP, a free phosphate and energy

There is only a limited supply (about 2 seconds) of ATP in the muscles; once it has been used it needs to be resynthesised so that it can be used again. To resynthesise ATP energy is needed. This energy is derived from the breakdown of the food we eat and used to rejoin ADP (Adenosine diphosphate) and the free phosphate.

[D]

The resynthsis of ATP from ADP, a free phosphate and energy

The body has three energy-producing systems which are used to breakdown the food we eat and resynthesise ATP. These are:

1. ATP-PC system
2. Lactic acid
3. Aerobic system