Bandura's social learning theory
It is suggested by the social learning theorists such as Bandura that learning takes place through situational and environmental factors, through observing and imitating others. Rather than as the trait theory suggested through genetics, the social learning theory accounts for the changes in behaviour. Behaviour is influenced by observing others who are perceived as significant in the environments they are exposed to. There are two main ways of learning through observation:
Modelling
This is the imitation of the behaviour of others without reinforcement.
Example: Professional sports performers shaking hands with opponent after a game is copied by performers at all levels as they are a role model.
Reinforcement
If behaviour is rewarded either verbally or non-verbally it is more likely to be repeated.
Example: If Roger Federer was to play a back hand shot that 9 times out of 10 won him the point, other young players are likely to want to copy this.
Stages of observational learning
| Stage | Explanation |
|---|---|
| 1 - Attention | Observation of a performer's behaviour. |
| 2 - Retention | Remember the behaviour of the performer. |
| 3 - Motor reproduction | Imitate the performer's behaviour. |
| 4 - Motivational responses | If the imitation is successful the behaviour is most likely going to be repeated. |
It is therefore vital that our young sports performers are exposed to positive role models within sport as they have a huge influence on their values, opinions and attitudes towards sports and society in general.
